Rapid urbanization has led to increased stormwater runoff and urban flooding, emphasizing the need for effective stormwater management. This systematic review, covering studies from 2000 to 2024, explores hydrodynamic separation (HDS) technologies used to control pollution and flooding in urban areas. HDS systems are categorized into screening, filtration, settling, and flotation, and recent trends show a shift from conventional physical methods to multi-stage, hybrid, and nature-based solutions. These advanced systems integrate ecological sustainability, AI-assisted technologies, biochar filtration, and green infrastructure to improve pollutant removal, including emerging contaminants like microplastics and pharmaceuticals. Overall, these innovations contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and promoting circular economy practices in developing urban areas.